All WebDAV clients fall into one of three categories—standalone applications, file-explorer extensions, or filesystem implementations. These categories broadly define the types of WebDAV functionality available to users. 表 C.1 “” gives our categorization as well as a quick description of some common pieces of WebDAV-enabled software. More details about these software offerings, as well as their general category, can be found in the sections that follow.
表 C.1.
软件 | 类型 | Windows | Mac | Linux | 描述 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adobe Photoshop | 独立的WebDAV应用程序 | X | Image editing software, allowing direct opening from, and writing to, WebDAV URLs. | ||
Cadaver | 独立的WebDAV应用程序 | X | X | Command-line WebDAV client supporting file transfer, tree, and locking operations. | |
DAV Explorer | 独立的WebDAV应用程序 | X | X | X | Java GUI tool for exploring WebDAV shares. |
Macromedia Dreamweaver | 独立的WebDAV应用程序 | X | Web production software able to directly read from and write to WebDAV URLs. | ||
Microsoft Office | 独立的WebDAV应用程序 | X | Office productivity suite with several components able to directly read from and write to WebDAV URLs. | ||
Microsoft Web 文件夹 | 文件浏览器WebDAV扩展 | X | GUI file explorer program able to perform tree operations on a WebDAV share. | ||
GNOME Nautilus | 文件浏览器WebDAV扩展 | X | GUI file explorer able to perform tree operations on a WebDAV share. | ||
KDE Konqueror | 文件浏览器WebDAV扩展 | X | GUI file explorer able to perform tree operations on a WebDAV share. | ||
Mac OS X | WebDAV文件系统实现 | X | Operating system has built-in support for mounting WebDAV shares.. | ||
驱动器映射程序,可以将Windows驱动器加载为远程的WebDAV共享 | WebDAV文件系统实现 | X | Drive-mapping program for assigning Windows drive letters to a mounted remote WebDAV share. | ||
文件传输软件,可以将Windows驱动器加载为远程的WebDAV共享 | WebDAV文件系统实现 | X | File transfer software, which, among other things, allows the assignment of Windows drive letters to a mounted remote WebDAV share. | ||
davfs2 | WebDAV文件系统实现 | X | Linux file system driver that allows you to mount a WebDAV share. |
A WebDAV application is a program that speaks WebDAV protocols with a WebDAV server. We'll cover some of the most popular programs with this kind of WebDAV support.
在Windows下,有许多已知的应用程序支持WebDAV客户端功能,例如微软Office,[59]Adobe的Photoshop和Macromedia的Dreamweaver程序,他们可以直接打开和保存URL,并且在编辑文件时经常使用WebDAV的锁。
Note that while many of these programs also exist for the Mac OS X, they do not appear to support WebDAV directly on that platform. In fact, on Mac OS X, the
dialog box doesn't allow one to type a path or URL at all. It's likely that the WebDAV features were deliberately left out of Macintosh versions of these programs, since OS X already provides such excellent low-level filesystem support for WebDAV.cadaver is a bare-bones Unix command-line program for
browsing and changing WebDAV shares. Like the Subversion
client, it uses the neon HTTP library—not
surprisingly, since both neon and cadaver are written by the
same author. cadaver is free software (GPL license) and is
available at
http://www.webdav.org/cadaver/
.
Using cadaver is similar to using a command-line FTP program, and thus it's extremely useful for basic WebDAV debugging. It can be used to upload or download files in a pinch, and also to examine properties, and to copy, move, lock or unlock files:
$ cadaver http://host/repos dav:/repos/> ls Listing collection `/repos/': succeeded. Coll: > foobar 0 May 10 16:19 > playwright.el 2864 May 4 16:18 > proofbypoem.txt 1461 May 5 15:09 > westcoast.jpg 66737 May 5 15:09 dav:/repos/> put README Uploading README to `/repos/README': Progress: [=============================>] 100.0% of 357 bytes succeeded. dav:/repos/> get proofbypoem.txt Downloading `/repos/proofbypoem.txt' to proofbypoem.txt: Progress: [=============================>] 100.0% of 1461 bytes succeeded.
DAV Explorer is another standalone WebDAV client, written
in Java. It's under a free Apache-like license and is
available at http://www.ics.uci.edu/~webdav/
.
It does everything cadaver does, but has the
advantages of being portable and being a more user-friendly GUI
application. It's also one of the first clients to support
the new WebDAV Access Control Protocol (RFC 3744).
Of course, DAV Explorer's ACL support is useless in this
case, since mod_dav_svn doesn't support
it. The fact that both cadaver and DAV Explorer support
some limited DeltaV commands isn't particularly useful
either, since they don't allow MKACTIVITY
requests. But it's not relevant anyway; we're assuming all
of these clients are operating against an autoversioning
repository.
Some popular file explorer GUI programs support WebDAV extensions that allow a user to browse a DAV share as if it was just another directory on the local computer, and to perform basic tree editing operations on the items in that share. For example, Windows Explorer is able to browse a WebDAV server as a “network place.” Users can drag files to and from the desktop, or can rename, copy, or delete files in the usual way. But because it's only a feature of the file-explorer, the DAV share isn't visible to ordinary applications. All DAV interaction must happen through the explorer interface.
Microsoft was one of the original backers of the WebDAV specification, and first started shipping a client in Windows 98, which was known as Web Folders. This client was also shipped in Windows NT4 and 2000.
The original Web Folders client was an extension to Explorer, the main GUI program used to browse filesystems. It works well enough. In Windows 98, the feature might need to be explicitly installed if Web Folders aren't already visible inside My Computer. In Windows 2000, simply add a new “network place”, enter the URL, and the WebDAV share will pop up for browsing.
With the release of Windows XP, Microsoft started shipping
a new implementation of Web Folders, known as the WebDAV
Mini-Redirector. The new implementation is a
filesystem-level client, allowing WebDAV shares to be mounted
as drive letters. Unfortunately, this implementation is
incredibly buggy. The client usually tries to convert http
URLs (http://host/repos
) into UNC share
notation (\\host\repos
); it also often
tries to use Windows Domain authentication to respond to
basic-auth HTTP challenges, sending usernames as
HOST\username
. These interoperability
problems are severe and documented in numerous places around
the Web, to the frustration of many users. Even Greg Stein,
the original author of Apache's WebDAV module, bluntly
states that XP Web Folders simply can't operate against an Apache
server.
Windows Vista's implementation of Web Folders seems to be almost the same as XP's, so it has the same sort of problems (at the time of writing).
However, there seem to be workarounds for both XP and Vista that allow Web Folders to work against Apache. Users have mostly reported success with these techniques, so we'll relay them here.
On Windows XP, you have two options. First, search
Microsoft's web site for update KB90730, “Software
Update for Web Folders.” This may fix all your
problems. If it doesn't, it seems that the original pre-XP
Web Folders implementation is still buried within the
system. You can unearth it by going to Network
Places and adding a new network place. When prompted,
enter the URL of the repository, but include a
port number in the URL. For
example, http://host/repos
should be
entered as http://host:80/repos
instead.
Respond to any authentication prompts with your Subversion
credentials.
On Windows Vista, the same KB90730 update may clear
everything up. But there may still be other issues. Some
users have reported that Vista considers
all http://
connections insecure, and thus
will always fail any authentication challenges from Apache
unless the connection happens
over https://
. If you're unable to connect
to the Subversion repository via SSL, you can tweak the
system registry to turn off this behavior. Just set the
key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WebClient\Parameters\BasicAuthLevel
from 1 to 2. A final warning: be sure to set up the Web
Folder to point to the repository's root directory
(/
), rather than some subdirectory
such as /trunk
. Vista Web Folders
seems to work only against repository roots.
In general, while these workarounds may function for you, you might get a better overall experience using a third-party WebDAV client such as WebDrive or NetDrive.
Nautilus is the official file manager/browser for the
GNOME desktop (http://www.gnome.org
), and
Konqueror is the manager/browser for the KDE desktop (http://www.kde.org
). Both of these applications
have an explorer-level WebDAV client built in, and they
operate just fine against an autoversioning repository.
In GNOME's Nautilus, select the
menu item and enter the URL in the dialog box presented. The repository should then be displayed like any other filesystem.KDE的Konqueror里你需要在地址栏使用webdav://
模式来输入URL,如果你输入http://
的URL,Konqueror会像普通的web浏览器。你会看到mod_dav_svn输出的普通HTML目录列表。通过输入webdav://host/repos
代替http://host/repos
,Konqueror就成为了一个WebDAV客户端,并且按照文件系统的方式显示版本库。
The WebDAV filesystem implementation is arguably the best sort of WebDAV client. It's implemented as a low-level filesystem module, typically within the operating system's kernel. This means that the DAV share is mounted like any other network filesystem, similar to mounting an NFS share on Unix or attaching an SMB share as drive letter in Windows. As a result, this sort of client provides completely transparent read/write WebDAV access to all programs. Applications aren't even aware that WebDAV requests are happening.
Both WebDrive and NetDrive are excellent commercial
products that allow a WebDAV share to be attached as drive
letters in Windows. As a result, you can operate on the
contents of these WebDAV-backed pseudo-drives as easily as
you can against real local hard drives, and in the same
ways. WebDrive can be purchased from South River
Technologies (http://www.southrivertech.com
).
Novell's NetDrive is freely available online, but requires
users to have a Netware license.
Apple's OS X operating system has an integrated
filesystem-level WebDAV client. From the Finder, select the
webdav
filesystem type with the
mount command:
$ mount -t webdav http://svn.example.com/repos/project /some/mountpoint $
注意如果mod_dav_svn是1.2之前的版本,OS X不能按照可读写装载,而是会成为只读。这是因为,OS X坚持要读写共享支持锁定,而锁定文件出现在Subversion 1.2。
Also, OS X's WebDAV client can sometimes be overly
sensitive to HTTP redirects. If OS X is unable to mount the
repository at all, you may need to enable the BrowserMatch
directive in the Apache server's
httpd.conf
:
BrowserMatch "^WebDAVFS/1.[012]" redirect-carefully
[59] 在Windows下,有一些有名的集成WebDAV客户端功能的软件,例如Microsoft's Office、Adobe的Photoshop和Macromedia的Dreamweaver。它们都可以直接打开和保存URL,也可以在编辑时大量的使用WebDAV的锁定。