// Declare without initializing.
string message1;

// Initialize to null.
string message2 = null;

// Initialize as an empty string.
// Use the Empty constant instead of the literal "".
string message3 = System.String.Empty;

//Initialize with a regular string literal.
string oldPath = "c:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio 8.0";

// Initialize with a verbatim string literal.
string newPath = @"c:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0";

// Use System.String if you prefer.
System.String greeting = "Hello World!";

// In local variables (i.e. within a method body)
// you can use implicit typing.
var temp = "I'm still a strongly-typed System.String!";

// Use a const string to prevent 'message4' from
// being used to store another string value.
const string message4 = "You can't get rid of me!";

// Use the String constructor only when creating
// a string from a char*, char[], or sbyte*. See
// System.String documentation for details.
char[] letters = { 'A', 'B', 'C' };
string alphabet = new string(letters);

string s1 = "A string is more ";
string s2 = "than the sum of its chars.";

// Concatenate s1 and s2. This actually creates a new
// string object and stores it in s1, releasing the
// reference to the original object.
s1 += s2;

System.Console.WriteLine(s1);
// Output: A string is more than the sum of its chars.

string s1 = "Hello ";
string s2 = s1;
s1 += "World";

System.Console.WriteLine(s2);
//Output: Hello

string columns = "Column 1\tColumn 2\tColumn 3";
//Output: Column 1        Column 2        Column 3

string rows = "Row 1\r\nRow 2\r\nRow 3";
/* Output:
  Row 1
  Row 2
  Row 3
*/

string title = "\"The \u00C6olean Harp\", by Samuel Taylor Coleridge";
//Output: "The Æolean Harp", by Samuel Taylor Coleridge

         string filePath = @"C:\Users\scoleridge\Documents\";
         //Output: C:\Users\scoleridge\Documents\

         string text = @"My pensive SARA ! thy soft cheek reclined
Thus on mine arm, most soothing sweet it is
To sit beside our Cot,...";
         /* Output:
         My pensive SARA ! thy soft cheek reclined
            Thus on mine arm, most soothing sweet it is
            To sit beside our Cot,... 
         */

         string quote = @"Her name was ""Sara.""";
         //Output: Her name was "Sara."

class FormatString
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Get user input.
        System.Console.WriteLine("Enter a number");
        string input = System.Console.ReadLine();

        // Convert the input string to an int.
        int j;
        System.Int32.TryParse(input, out j);

        // Write a different string each iteration.
        string s;
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        {
            // A simple format string with no alignment formatting.
            s = System.String.Format("{0} times {1} = {2}", i, j, (i * j));
            System.Console.WriteLine(s);
        }

        //Keep the console window open in debug mode.
        System.Console.ReadKey();
    }
}

string s3 = "Visual C# Express";
System.Console.WriteLine(s3.Substring(7, 2));
// Output: "C#"

System.Console.WriteLine(s3.Replace("C#", "Basic"));
// Output: "Visual Basic Express"

// Index values are zero-based
int index = s3.IndexOf("C");
// index = 7

string s5 = "Printing backwards";

for (int i = 0; i < s5.Length; i++)
{
    System.Console.Write(s5[s5.Length - i - 1]);
}
// Output: "sdrawkcab gnitnirP"

string question = "hOW DOES mICROSOFT wORD DEAL WITH THE cAPS lOCK KEY?";
System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder(question);

for (int j = 0; j < sb.Length; j++)
{
    if (System.Char.IsLower(sb[j]) == true)
        sb[j] = System.Char.ToUpper(sb[j]);
    else if (System.Char.IsUpper(sb[j]) == true)
        sb[j] = System.Char.ToLower(sb[j]);
}
// Store the new string.
string corrected = sb.ToString();
System.Console.WriteLine(corrected);
// Output: How does Microsoft Word deal with the Caps Lock key?            

static void Main()
{
    string str = "hello";
    string nullStr = null;
    string emptyStr = "a";

    string tempStr = str + nullStr; // tempStr = "hello"
    bool b = (emptyStr == nullStr);// b = false;
    string newStr = emptyStr + nullStr; // creates a new empty string
    int len = nullStr.Length; // throws NullReferenceException

}

System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder("Rat: the ideal pet");
sb[0] = 'C';
System.Console.WriteLine(sb.ToString());
System.Console.ReadLine();

//Outputs Cat: the ideal pet

class TestStringBuilder
{
    static void Main()
    {
        System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();

        // Create a string composed of numbers 0 - 9
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        {
            sb.Append(i.ToString());
        }
        System.Console.WriteLine(sb);  // displays 0123456789

        // Copy one character of the string (not possible with a System.String)
        sb[0] = sb[9];

        System.Console.WriteLine(sb);  // displays 9123456789
    }
}