Changes to the Fourth Edition

第四版的改动

In this edition, we have completely reorganized and rewritten the C++ Primer to highlight modern styles of C++ programming. This edition gives center stage to using the standard library while deemphasizing techniques for low-level programming. We introduce the standard library much earlier in the text and have reformulated the examples to take advantage of library facilities. We have also streamlined and reordered the presentation of language topics.

为了体现现代 C++ 编程风格，我们重新组织并重写了本书。书中不再强调低层编程技术，而把中心转向标准库的使用。书中很早就开始介绍标准库，示例也已经重新改写，充分利用了标准库设施。我们也对语言主题叙述的先后次序进行了重新编排，使讲解更加流畅。

In addition to restructuring the text, we have incorporated several new elements to enhance the reader's understanding. Each chapter concludes with a Chapter Summary and glossary of Defined Terms, which recap the chapter's most important points. Readers should use these sections as a personal checklist: If you do not understand a term, restudy the corresponding part of the chapter.

除重新组织内容外，为了便于读者理解，我们还增加了几个新的环节。每一章都新增了“小结”和“术语”，概括本章要点。读者可以利用这些部分进行自我检查；如果发现还有不理解的概念，可以重新学习该章中的相关部分。

We've also incorporated a number of other learning aids in the body of the text:

书中还加入了下述几种学习辅助手段：

• Important terms are indicated in bold; important terms that we assume are already familiar to the reader are indicated in bold italics. Each term appears in the chapter's Defined Terms section.

  重要术语用黑体表示，我们认为读者已经熟悉的重要术语则用楷体表示。这些术语都会出现在的“术语”部分。

• Throughout the book, we highlight parts of the text to call attention to important aspects of the language, warn about common pitfalls, suggest good programming practices, and provide general usage tips. We hope that these notes will help readers more quickly digest important concepts and avoid common pitfalls.

  书中用特殊版式突出标注的文字，是为了向读者提醒语言的重要特征，警示常见的错误，标明良好的编程实践，列出通用的使用技巧。希望这些标注可以帮助读者更快地消化重要概念，避免犯常见错误。

• To make it easier to follow the relationships among features and concepts, we provide extensive forward and backward cross-references.

  为了更易于理解各种特征或概念间的关系，书中大量使用了前后交叉引用。

• We have provided sidebar discussions that focus on important concepts and supply additional explanations for topics that programmers new to C++ often find most difficult.

  对于某些重要概念和 C++ 新手最头疼的问题，我们进行了额外的讨论和解释。这部分也以特殊版式标出。

• Learning any programming language requires writing programs. To that end, the primer provides extensive examples throughout the text. Source code for the extended examples is available on the Web at the following URL:

  学习任何程序设计语言都需要编写程序。因此，本提供了大量的示例。所有示例的源代码可以从下列网址获得：

• http://www.awprofessional.com/cpp_primer

What hasn't changed from earlier versions is that the book remains a comprehensive tutorial introduction to C++. Our intent is to provide a clear, complete and correct guide to the language. We teach the language by presenting a series of examples, which, in addition to explaining language features, show how to make the best use of C++. Although knowledge of C (the language on which C++ was originally based) is not assumed, we do assume the reader has programmed in a modern block-structured language.

万变不离其宗，本书保持了前几版的特色，仍然是一部全面介绍 C++ 的教程。我们的目标是提供一本清晰、全面、准确的指南性读物。我们通过讲解一系列示例来教授 C++ 语言，示例除了解释语言特征外，还展示了如何善用这门语言。虽然读者不需要事先学过 C 语言（C++ 最初的基础）的知识，但我们假定读者已经掌握了一种现代结构化语言。